一：安装Nginx
以官方源安装Nginx
官方安装教程：https://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html#Ubuntu
安装依赖：
sudo apt install curl gnupg2 ca-certificates lsb-release ubuntu-keyring导入官方 nginx 签名密钥：
curl https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null验证下载的文件是否包含正确的密钥：
gpg --dry-run --quiet --no-keyring --import --import-options import-show /usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg输出应包含完整的指纹 573BFD6B3D8FBC641079A6ABABF5BD827BD9BF62 ，同时也包含其他信息。如下所示：
pub rsa2048 2011-08-19 [SC] [expires: 2027-05-24]
573BFD6B3D8FBC641079A6ABABF5BD827BD9BF62
uid nginx signing key <[email protected]>
导入存储库：
nginx存储库有两个，一个是nginx稳定版，apt安装时默认安装nginx最新稳定版。
另一个是nginx主线版，apt默认安装nginx最新版。两个版本任选其一即可。
添加稳定版存储库：
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg] \
http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu `lsb_release -cs` nginx" \
| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list添加主线版存储库：
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg] \
http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu `lsb_release -cs` nginx" \
| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list注：上面两条命令任选其一执行。
设置存储库：
echo -e "Package: *\nPin: origin nginx.org\nPin: release o=nginx\nPin-Priority: 900\n" \
| sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/99nginx
安装nginx：
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx安装完成，本次选择安装nginx 1.26.3稳定版
ufw防火墙放行80端口
sudo ufw allow 80开启nginx
#开启 Nginx
sudo systemctl start nginx.service
#停止 Nginx
sudo systemctl stop nginx.service
#查看 Nginx运行状态
sudo systemctl status -l nginx.service
#重新启动 Nginx
sudo systemctl restart nginx.service
#取消开机启动 Nginx
sudo systemctl disable nginx.service
#重载Nginx (如更改Nginx配置需要重新载入数据)
sudo systemctl reload nginx.service
#设置开机启动
sudo systemctl enable nginx.service
#测试nginx配置文件
sudo nginx-t nginx启动成功
注意：官方存储库安装的nginx和ubuntu默认存储库安装的nginx配置文件结构不同。
ubuntu默认存储库配置文件结构：
ubuntu@Ubuntu:/etc/nginx$ tree
.
├── conf.d
├── fastcgi.conf
├── fastcgi_params
├── koi-utf
├── koi-win
├── mime.types
├── modules-available
├── modules-enabled
│ ├── 50-mod-http-geoip2.conf -> /usr/share/nginx/modules-available/mod-http-geoip2.conf
│ ├── 50-mod-http-image-filter.conf -> /usr/share/nginx/modules-available/mod-http-image-filter.conf
│ ├── 50-mod-http-xslt-filter.conf -> /usr/share/nginx/modules-available/mod-http-xslt-filter.conf
│ ├── 50-mod-mail.conf -> /usr/share/nginx/modules-available/mod-mail.conf
│ ├── 50-mod-stream.conf -> /usr/share/nginx/modules-available/mod-stream.conf
│ └── 70-mod-stream-geoip2.conf -> /usr/share/nginx/modules-available/mod-stream-geoip2.conf
├── nginx.conf
├── proxy_params
├── scgi_params
├── sites-available
│ └── default
├── sites-enabled
│ └── default -> /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
├── snippets
│ ├── fastcgi-php.conf
│ └── snakeoil.conf
├── uwsgi_params
└── win-utf
nginx官方版配置文件结构：
ubuntu@ubuntu:/etc/nginx$ tree
.
├── conf.d
│ └── default.conf
├── fastcgi_params
├── mime.types
├── modules -> /usr/lib/nginx/modules
├── nginx.conf
├── scgi_params
└── uwsgi_params
2 directories, 6 files
二：安装mysql
以官方源安装mysql
官方安装教程：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/linux-installation-apt-repo.html
下载官方发布包：
打开MySQL APT 存储库的下载页面：
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/apt/
点击Download
右键No thanks, just start my download.复制链接地址
目前的地址为：https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.33-1_all.deb
之后在ubuntu中用“wget 存储库地址”，下载存储库
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.33-1_all.deb下载完成，mysql-apt-config_0.8.33-1_all.deb
安装发布包
用下载的路径+包名替换下列命令中的PATH/version-specific-package-name.deb
sudo dpkg -i /PATH/version-specific-package-name.deb本例是在用户名为“ubuntu”的家目录中执行的，所以，真正的安装命令为
sudo dpkg -i /home/ubuntu/mysql-apt-config_0.8.33-1_all.deb选择OK
安装mysql
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mysql-server安装时会弹出设置mysql root用户密码的界面。可设置亦可不设置，本例中选择设置。
确认密码：
安装完成
最新版8.4.4
登录mysql
mysql -u root -p
#输入root密码
安装完成
三：安装PHP
当前php的最新版本为8.4.4
ubuntu官方库没有PHP最新版，用第三方库安装
安装software-properties-common包
sudo apt update
sudo apt install software-properties-common添加PPA仓库ppa:ondrej/php
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php安装php以及组件
sudo apt update
sudo apt install php8.4-fpm php8.4-mysql php8.4-curl php8.4-gd php8.4-intl php8.4-mbstring php8.4-soap php8.4-xml php8.4-xmlrpc php8.4-zip php8.4-imagick php8.4-common php8.4-cli php8.4-dev php8.4-imap php8.4-opcache php8.4-redis php8.4安装完成
PHP 8.4.4最新版
sudo systemctl enable php8.4-fpm.service #设置开机启动php8.4-fpm
sudo systemctl start php8.4-fpm.service #启动php8.4-fpm服务
sudo systemctl stop php8.4-fpm.service #停止 php8.4-fpm
sudo systemctl status -l php8.4-fpm.service #查看 php8.4-fpm运行状态
sudo systemctl restart php8.4-fpm.service #重新启动 php8.4-fpm
sudo systemctl disable php8.4-fpm.service #取消开机启动 php8.4-fpm
四：验证LNMP环境
查询php-fpm默认监听地址，<version>替换为php版本号，本例中为8.4
sudo grep '^listen =' /etc/php/<version>/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
#本例中的实际命令为
sudo grep '^listen =' /etc/php/8.4/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
若返回值为127.0.0.1:9000，说明默认监听本地9000端口
本例中返回值为：listen = /run/php/php8.4-fpm.sock
表示默认监听sock文件，需要nginx运行用户对sock文件有读写权限。
打开nginx默认配置文件
sudo vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf原始文件：
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}修改为
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
location / {
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.4-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}注意：
root要移动到server模块下,或者放到location ~ .php$模块下
server模块下加入index index.php;
location ~ \.php$ 模块中fastcgi_pass要和php-fpm监听地址一致。监听sock文件需要在地址前加unix:
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;要改为fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
确保nginx运行用户和php用户保持一致
即/etc/php/8.4/fpm/pool.d/www.conf中
user = www-data
group = www-data
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data
要和/etc/nginx/nginx.conf中
user nginx;这一项保持一致
本例中不一致，故把/etc/nginx/nginx.conf文件中
user nginx;修改为user www-data;修改完成后重载nginx
sudo systemctl reload nginx.service 若修改了www.conf文件也需要重新启动php-fpm
sudo systemctl restart php8.4-fpm.service在网页root目录下新建一个index.php文件
sudo vi /usr/share/nginx/html/index.php文件中写入以下内容：
<?php phpinfo(); ?>之后浏览器打开服务器ip/index.php
测试完成。
