原文连接:https://www.iszy.cc/posts/nginx-docker-hub
试了几种方案,就这个方案确实能用。其他的总是出现各种各样的问题。
众所周知,国内一般不能顺畅拉取 Docker 镜像,要么部署私有仓库,要么使用国内的镜像地址。不过国内的镜像的版本同步没有那么及时,而且最近不知为啥好像都不能用了。部署私有仓库会在本地缓存包,也不太符合我的需求。所以最终决定通过 Nginx 反向代理 DockerHub 官方 Registry 地址,如果你也有一个能够流畅访问官方 Docker 地址的服务器,可以一试。
一、Nginx 反向代理方案
基础配置代理了以下内容
- 官方仓库地址:
registry-1.docker.io
- jwt 授权地址:
auth.docker.io
- api 地址:
index.docker.io
限制:
- 受到 DockerHub 单 IP 请求次数限制
# 使用 map 来匹配和替换 upstream 头部中的 auth.docker.io
map $upstream_http_www_authenticate $m_www_authenticate_replaced {
"~auth\.docker\.io(.*)" "$1";
default "";
}
map $m_www_authenticate_replaced $m_final_replaced {
"~(.*)" 'Bearer realm=\"$scheme://$host$1';
default "";
}
server
{
listen 443 ssl http2;
# 改成自己的域名
server_name xxxx.example.com;
# 证书部分
ssl_certificate 证书地址;
ssl_certificate_key 密钥地址;
ssl_session_timeout 24h;
# TLS 版本控制
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_ciphers TLS13-CHACHA20-POLY1305-SHA256:TLS13-AES-256-GCM-SHA384:TLS13-AES-128-GCM-SHA256:EECDH+CHACHA20:EECDH+AESGCM:EECDH+AES;
proxy_ssl_server_name on;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
# 修改jwt授权地址
proxy_hide_header www-authenticate;
add_header www-authenticate "$m_final_replaced" always;
# 关闭缓存
proxy_buffering off;
# 转发认证相关
proxy_set_header Authorization $http_authorization;
proxy_pass_header Authorization;
# 对 upstream 状态码检查,实现 error_page 错误重定向
proxy_intercept_errors on;
recursive_error_pages on;
# 根据状态码执行对应操作,以下为301、302、307状态码都会触发
error_page 301 302 307 = @handle_redirect;
# v1 api
location /v1 {
proxy_pass https://index.docker.io;
proxy_set_header Host index.docker.io;
}
# v2 api
location /v2 {
proxy_pass https://index.docker.io;
proxy_set_header Host index.docker.io;
}
# jwt授权地址
location /token {
proxy_pass https://auth.docker.io;
proxy_set_header Host auth.docker.io;
}
location / {
# Docker hub 的官方镜像仓库
proxy_pass https://registry-1.docker.io;
proxy_set_header Host registry-1.docker.io;
}
#处理重定向
location @handle_redirect {
resolver 1.1.1.1;
set $saved_redirect_location '$upstream_http_location';
proxy_pass $saved_redirect_location;
}
}
二、CloudFlare Worker 方案
CloudFlare Worker 在国内访问速度不稳定,但是胜在免费,至少比官方镜像速度要快,可以作个备份。
在面板菜单找到 Workers 和 Pages,然后点击右侧的创建,创建 Worker,取个名字,比如说 docker,点击部署。
编辑代码,粘贴以下内容,注意修改其中的 workers_url 变量为实际的 worker 地址,或者绑定的自定义域名,点击保存并部署。这样就完成了。
worker.js
'use strict'
const hub_host = 'registry-1.docker.io'
const auth_url = 'https://auth.docker.io'
const workers_url = 'https://docker.xxxxx.workers.dev' // 换成实际的worker地址,或者绑定的自定义域名
/**
* static files (404.html, sw.js, conf.js)
*/
/** @type {RequestInit} */
const PREFLIGHT_INIT = {
status: 204,
headers: new Headers({
'access-control-allow-origin': '*',
'access-control-allow-methods': 'GET,POST,PUT,PATCH,TRACE,DELETE,HEAD,OPTIONS',
'access-control-max-age': '1728000',
}),
}
/**
* @param {any} body
* @param {number} status
* @param {Object<string, string>} headers
*/
function makeRes(body, status = 200, headers = {}) {
headers['access-control-allow-origin'] = '*'
return new Response(body, {status, headers})
}
/**
* @param {string} urlStr
*/
function newUrl(urlStr) {
try {
return new URL(urlStr)
} catch (err) {
return null
}
}
addEventListener('fetch', e => {
const ret = fetchHandler(e)
.catch(err => makeRes('cfworker error:\n' + err.stack, 502))
e.respondWith(ret)
})
/**
* @param {FetchEvent} e
*/
async function fetchHandler(e) {
const getReqHeader = (key) => e.request.headers.get(key);
let url = new URL(e.request.url);
if (url.pathname === '/token') {
let token_parameter = {
headers: {
'Host': 'auth.docker.io',
'User-Agent': getReqHeader("User-Agent"),
'Accept': getReqHeader("Accept"),
'Accept-Language': getReqHeader("Accept-Language"),
'Accept-Encoding': getReqHeader("Accept-Encoding"),
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0'
}
};
let token_url = auth_url + url.pathname + url.search
return fetch(new Request(token_url, e.request), token_parameter)
}
url.hostname = hub_host;
let parameter = {
headers: {
'Host': hub_host,
'User-Agent': getReqHeader("User-Agent"),
'Accept': getReqHeader("Accept"),
'Accept-Language': getReqHeader("Accept-Language"),
'Accept-Encoding': getReqHeader("Accept-Encoding"),
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0'
},
cacheTtl: 3600
};
if (e.request.headers.has("Authorization")) {
parameter.headers.Authorization = getReqHeader("Authorization");
}
let original_response = await fetch(new Request(url, e.request), parameter)
let original_response_clone = original_response.clone();
let original_text = original_response_clone.body;
let response_headers = original_response.headers;
let new_response_headers = new Headers(response_headers);
let status = original_response.status;
if (new_response_headers.get("WWW-Authenticate")) {
let re = new RegExp(auth_url, 'g');
new_response_headers.set("WWW-Authenticate", response_headers.get("WWW-Authenticate").replace(re, workers_url));
}
if (new_response_headers.get("Location")) {
return httpHandler(e.request, new_response_headers.get("Location"))
}
let response = new Response(original_text, {
status,
headers: new_response_headers
})
return response;
}
/**
* @param {Request} req
* @param {string} pathname
*/
function httpHandler(req, pathname) {
const reqHdrRaw = req.headers
// preflight
if (req.method === 'OPTIONS' &&
reqHdrRaw.has('access-control-request-headers')
) {
return new Response(null, PREFLIGHT_INIT)
}
let rawLen = ''
const reqHdrNew = new Headers(reqHdrRaw)
const refer = reqHdrNew.get('referer')
let urlStr = pathname
const urlObj = newUrl(urlStr)
/** @type {RequestInit} */
const reqInit = {
method: req.method,
headers: reqHdrNew,
redirect: 'follow',
body: req.body
}
return proxy(urlObj, reqInit, rawLen, 0)
}
/**
*
* @param {URL} urlObj
* @param {RequestInit} reqInit
*/
async function proxy(urlObj, reqInit, rawLen) {
const res = await fetch(urlObj.href, reqInit)
const resHdrOld = res.headers
const resHdrNew = new Headers(resHdrOld)
// verify
if (rawLen) {
const newLen = resHdrOld.get('content-length') || ''
const badLen = (rawLen !== newLen)
if (badLen) {
return makeRes(res.body, 400, {
'--error': `bad len: ${newLen}, except: ${rawLen}`,
'access-control-expose-headers': '--error',
})
}
}
const status = res.status
resHdrNew.set('access-control-expose-headers', '*')
resHdrNew.set('access-control-allow-origin', '*')
resHdrNew.set('Cache-Control', 'max-age=1500')
resHdrNew.delete('content-security-policy')
resHdrNew.delete('content-security-policy-report-only')
resHdrNew.delete('clear-site-data')
return new Response(res.body, {
status,
headers: resHdrNew
})
}
三、整合方案
还是采用 Nginx 代理方式,当超出请求数量限制,返回 429 错误时,将后端转发给 CloudFlare Worker。
需要对 Nginx 配置加上一小段对 429 错误的转发。
server
{
# ....
error_page 429 = @handle_too_many_requests;
# 处理429错误
location @handle_too_many_requests {
proxy_set_header Host docker.xxxxx.workers.dev; # 替换为另一个服务器的地址
proxy_pass https://docker.xxxxx.workers.dev;
}
# ....
}
worker.js 也需要修改一下,把 worker_url 改为 nginx 代理的地址。
const workers_url = 'https://xxxx.example.com' // 改为nginx代理的地址
完整配置
Nginx 配置
# 使用 map 来匹配和替换 upstream 头部中的 auth.docker.io
map $upstream_http_www_authenticate $m_www_authenticate_replaced {
"~auth\.docker\.io(.*)" "$1";
default "";
}
map $m_www_authenticate_replaced $m_final_replaced {
"~(.*)" 'Bearer realm=\"$scheme://$host$1';
default "";
}
server
{
listen 443 ssl http2;
# 改成自己的域名
server_name xxxx.example.com;
# 证书部分
ssl_certificate 证书地址;
ssl_certificate_key 密钥地址;
ssl_session_timeout 24h;
# TLS 版本控制
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_ciphers TLS13-CHACHA20-POLY1305-SHA256:TLS13-AES-256-GCM-SHA384:TLS13-AES-128-GCM-SHA256:EECDH+CHACHA20:EECDH+AESGCM:EECDH+AES;
proxy_ssl_server_name on;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
# 修改jwt授权地址
proxy_hide_header www-authenticate;
add_header www-authenticate "$m_final_replaced" always;
# 关闭缓存
proxy_buffering off;
# 转发认证相关
proxy_set_header Authorization $http_authorization;
proxy_pass_header Authorization;
# 对 upstream 状态码检查,实现 error_page 错误重定向
proxy_intercept_errors on;
recursive_error_pages on;
# 根据状态码执行对应操作,以下为301、302、307状态码都会触发
error_page 301 302 307 = @handle_redirect;
error_page 429 = @handle_too_many_requests;
# v1 api
location /v1 {
proxy_pass https://index.docker.io;
proxy_set_header Host index.docker.io;
}
# v2 api
location /v2 {
proxy_pass https://index.docker.io;
proxy_set_header Host index.docker.io;
}
# jwt授权地址
location /token {
proxy_pass https://auth.docker.io;
proxy_set_header Host auth.docker.io;
}
location / {
# Docker hub 的官方镜像仓库
proxy_pass https://registry-1.docker.io;
proxy_set_header Host registry-1.docker.io;
}
#处理重定向
location @handle_redirect {
resolver 1.1.1.1;
set $saved_redirect_location '$upstream_http_location';
proxy_pass $saved_redirect_location;
}
# 处理429错误
location @handle_too_many_requests {
proxy_set_header Host docker.xxxxx.workers.dev; # 替换为另一个服务器的地址
proxy_pass https://docker.xxxxx.workers.dev;
}
}
Worker.js
'use strict'
const hub_host = 'registry-1.docker.io'
const auth_url = 'https://auth.docker.io'
const workers_url = 'https://xxxx.example.com' // 改为nginx代理的地址
/**
* static files (404.html, sw.js, conf.js)
*/
/** @type {RequestInit} */
const PREFLIGHT_INIT = {
status: 204,
headers: new Headers({
'access-control-allow-origin': '*',
'access-control-allow-methods': 'GET,POST,PUT,PATCH,TRACE,DELETE,HEAD,OPTIONS',
'access-control-max-age': '1728000',
}),
}
/**
* @param {any} body
* @param {number} status
* @param {Object<string, string>} headers
*/
function makeRes(body, status = 200, headers = {}) {
headers['access-control-allow-origin'] = '*'
return new Response(body, {status, headers})
}
/**
* @param {string} urlStr
*/
function newUrl(urlStr) {
try {
return new URL(urlStr)
} catch (err) {
return null
}
}
addEventListener('fetch', e => {
const ret = fetchHandler(e)
.catch(err => makeRes('cfworker error:\n' + err.stack, 502))
e.respondWith(ret)
})
/**
* @param {FetchEvent} e
*/
async function fetchHandler(e) {
const getReqHeader = (key) => e.request.headers.get(key);
let url = new URL(e.request.url);
if (url.pathname === '/token') {
let token_parameter = {
headers: {
'Host': 'auth.docker.io',
'User-Agent': getReqHeader("User-Agent"),
'Accept': getReqHeader("Accept"),
'Accept-Language': getReqHeader("Accept-Language"),
'Accept-Encoding': getReqHeader("Accept-Encoding"),
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0'
}
};
let token_url = auth_url + url.pathname + url.search
return fetch(new Request(token_url, e.request), token_parameter)
}
url.hostname = hub_host;
let parameter = {
headers: {
'Host': hub_host,
'User-Agent': getReqHeader("User-Agent"),
'Accept': getReqHeader("Accept"),
'Accept-Language': getReqHeader("Accept-Language"),
'Accept-Encoding': getReqHeader("Accept-Encoding"),
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0'
},
cacheTtl: 3600
};
if (e.request.headers.has("Authorization")) {
parameter.headers.Authorization = getReqHeader("Authorization");
}
let original_response = await fetch(new Request(url, e.request), parameter)
let original_response_clone = original_response.clone();
let original_text = original_response_clone.body;
let response_headers = original_response.headers;
let new_response_headers = new Headers(response_headers);
let status = original_response.status;
if (new_response_headers.get("WWW-Authenticate")) {
let re = new RegExp(auth_url, 'g');
new_response_headers.set("WWW-Authenticate", response_headers.get("WWW-Authenticate").replace(re, workers_url));
}
if (new_response_headers.get("Location")) {
return httpHandler(e.request, new_response_headers.get("Location"))
}
let response = new Response(original_text, {
status,
headers: new_response_headers
})
return response;
}
/**
* @param {Request} req
* @param {string} pathname
*/
function httpHandler(req, pathname) {
const reqHdrRaw = req.headers
// preflight
if (req.method === 'OPTIONS' &&
reqHdrRaw.has('access-control-request-headers')
) {
return new Response(null, PREFLIGHT_INIT)
}
let rawLen = ''
const reqHdrNew = new Headers(reqHdrRaw)
const refer = reqHdrNew.get('referer')
let urlStr = pathname
const urlObj = newUrl(urlStr)
/** @type {RequestInit} */
const reqInit = {
method: req.method,
headers: reqHdrNew,
redirect: 'follow',
body: req.body
}
return proxy(urlObj, reqInit, rawLen, 0)
}
/**
*
* @param {URL} urlObj
* @param {RequestInit} reqInit
*/
async function proxy(urlObj, reqInit, rawLen) {
const res = await fetch(urlObj.href, reqInit)
const resHdrOld = res.headers
const resHdrNew = new Headers(resHdrOld)
// verify
if (rawLen) {
const newLen = resHdrOld.get('content-length') || ''
const badLen = (rawLen !== newLen)
if (badLen) {
return makeRes(res.body, 400, {
'--error': `bad len: ${newLen}, except: ${rawLen}`,
'access-control-expose-headers': '--error',
})
}
}
const status = res.status
resHdrNew.set('access-control-expose-headers', '*')
resHdrNew.set('access-control-allow-origin', '*')
resHdrNew.set('Cache-Control', 'max-age=1500')
resHdrNew.delete('content-security-policy')
resHdrNew.delete('content-security-policy-report-only')
resHdrNew.delete('clear-site-data')
return new Response(res.body, {
status,
headers: resHdrNew
})
}
设置加速镜像
编辑文件/etc/docker/daemon.json
,如果没有请创建。
vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
#文件中加入以下内容,把其中的xxxx.example.com替换为自己的域名
#若只有一个域名时不要加","
{
"registry-mirrors": [
"xxxx.example1.com",
"xxxx.example2.com",
"xxxx.example3.com"
........
]
}
#重启docker
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
#查看docker配置信息中是否有添加的域名
docker info